Automatic firearm



Dec. l 1925.

J. T. KEWISH AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed May' 51, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 l 'u INVENToR.'

ATTORNEYS j Dec. l, 1925.

J. T. Kl-:wlsH

AUTOMATIC FIREARM Fi1ed May 31, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 A TT ORNEYS Dec. l, 1925.

J. T. KEWISH AUTOMATIC FIREARM 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 31, 1924 INVENTOR. .l0/1W 7.' /fEMSH a f @74; ATITORNEYS Il w .Il Il lPatented .Dea-1, 1925.

UNi'rED STATES PATENT 'oF-Fics.

JOHNT. KEWISH, OF NEW YORK, N.

AUTOMATIC FIREARM.

Application. sied May 31, 1924. serial No. 717,061.

' My invention-relates toy automatic. ma.

chine rifles. In-niy United States Patents No. 1,472,126, dated .October 30, `1923, and No. 1,502,676, dated July 29, 1924, pending application Serial No. 499,014, filed September 7, 1921, I disclosed automatic machine rifles of this generalcharacter and my present invention is in the nature of an improve.

ment upon vthe same,

-An object of the present invention'is to simplify. -constructionof riles of this char'- acter, to reduce the weight and decrease the number of parts and to render the opera.- tion of the same simpler and more reliable. Another object of my invention is to provide an arrangement whereby the firing pin 2,5 and actuator a're locked together at the moment of liring, the recoil thrust of the primer acting directly on the firing pin and the resultant action being the same as ifthe thrust were delivered directly to the actuator.

' A further `object is to provide a combined safety locking and remounting device which also -serves to .release the firing pinandac- $51 tuator atgthe' proper times'.

i j piece receiver open at the top provided with.

the trigger mechanism is Ato provide anovel re- `movable and slidable casing to inclose the breech mechanism adaptedl to be fixed thereto when desired, and which carries the sight. My invention will be better understood -dcfrom the following description ltakenin con-V nection with the accompanying. -drawings.

and its scope 'will-be pointedout vin the appended claims. p l

In the "drawings illustrating rnyinvention:

`Figure 1 is an elevational'view of a rifle according to invention, 'with a part broken `awayand withthe casing also indicated in retracted position in.broken lines. l

Fi -2 is alongitudinal `ew, parts being the receiver.

in vertical section and parts in elevation of 'the mechanism of a rifle for both single shot and automatic action, the position of the trigger mechanism forsingle shot action being shown in dotted lines and for automatic action in full lines, and with the breech mechanism shown in its most orf ward position. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken substantially on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is .a longitudinal vertical section, withpartsin elevation showing the breech mechanism in retracted position, the ejector inoperatire position and the trigger mech.-`

anism in normal position.

"Fig 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 with the breech mechanism in its for-ward position and the firing pin cocked and ready for firing. j

. Fig. '6 is a cross-section taken on the line 6 6 of Fig. 4.

Fig.'7 is a cross-section taken on theline 7 7 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 isr across-section taken on theiline 8 8.of Fig. 5.

Fig. 9 is a cross-section taken on the'llne 9 9 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 10 is across-section taken on the line 10-10 of Fig. 3 but with the breech block in position.

` Fig. 11 is an enlarged sectional detail talc.

en on the line 11 11 of Fig.v2

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken' on the line -12 12 of Fig. 3. y

Fig. 13 is anelevational-y view of the bolt.

Fig. 14 is a front end view of the `boltA with the extractor shown in place.

Fig. 15isl an enlarged vertical section of the vfront end of the bolt illustrating the I ring pin striking the primer.

Fig. 16 is a perspective v1ew of thespring l for locking the firing pin on tothe actuator.

Fig. 17 ,is a top'view ofthe gun'shown in Fig. 1 with the cover casing in place.

Fig. 18 is an enlarged sectional detail-11- lustrating a modifiedv orm of the rear end of a modledactuator "and Fig. 22 is a side view of the rear ortion of a preferable type of cartridge s owing the primer sunk below the surface.

Referring to the drawings in which the numeral l is a stock, on which is mounted a barrel 2. .A receiver or casing 3 is fixed to the barrel 2, and bolted to stock 1 by bolt 1-. As shown in the drawings, particularly Figs. 2, 4- and 5, the receiver is made in one piece, being provided with two compartments 4, 5, in its lower part to receive the magazine and trigger mechanism respectively, and an upper compartment with grooved tracks (i, 6 and 7, 7'. indicated in Fig. 7 in which the breech block mechanism and inelosing easing travels as will be more fully described hereinafter. l'Vithin the receiver 3, is a reciprocatory weight or actuator 8 in a single piece and receiving power from the primer of the cartridge. Actuator 8 is cut out at its forward end as shown at 9 to receive the bolt 10, the bolt being supported on the firing pin 11, 'as clearly shown in Figs. 2, 4 and The opposite or rear end of actuator 8 is reduced, as shown at 12, to receive main spring 13, around which the spring 13 is compressed when the actuator is thrust to its rear position by the power of the recoil of the primer at the moment the gun is discharged, and from which rear position the actuator isagain sent forward by the recoil of the compressed spring 13, inserting a cartridge in the barrel on its forward stroke and withdrawing and ejecting a shell on its backward stroke, and also to mount a spring member 14, best shown in Figs. 2, 4 and 16, which serves to lock the tiring pin 11 and actuator 8 together as well as forming the rear end support for the firing pin spring 15. As shown in Fig. 2, the rear portion of firing pin 11 is hollow to accommodate said spring 15.

The forward end of actuator 8 is provided with a loose pin 16 arranged to engage in a spiral cam groove 17 on bolt 10 to turn the bolt into locking and unlocking position. The bolt-10 has a relative movement to the actuator 8 for the distance of said spiral groove 17, and when the actuator 8 is in its retracted position, shown in Fig. 4, the pin 16 is in the rear end of groove 17 and the bolt itself in its forward position relative to the actuator. In this position a bent right angle fiat spring 18 fixed on the forward end of the actuator engages in a recess 19 on said bolt- 10 to. revent the turning and retraction of the in that position. As the actuator 8 travels forward through the action of main spring 13, with the bolt 10 in its forward position so held by spring 19, the spring 19 contacts with a lug 20 on the receiver '3, at a oint sli htly ahead of the final position o the bo t againstthe cartridge in the`barrel and is lifted out of its locking position. The

bolt 10 now being free to turn, the actuator 8 continuing its forward movement, pushes the pin 19 from its rear position in groove 17 to its forward position, thus turning the bolt and locking its lugs 10 and 10 with lugs 2O and 21 in a manner readily understood, the forward end of actuator 8 and bolt 10 both passing said receiver lugs and abutting the rear end of barrel 2 at this time.

The forward end of bolt 10 is countersunk as shown at 22 to receive the headl of the cartridge 23. The edge of the central opening 24 of bolt 10 in which firing pin 11 travels is provided with a series of small notches 25, preferably ,three, as shown in Fig. 14, extendin a slight distance below the surface, thus orming a seat to stop the primern from passing beyond that point. In order to enable the tiring pin 11 to pass the small projections 25, it is provided witha corresponding series of grooves 26, one of which isl shown in Fig. 15, to accommodate said notches. It 'is of course understood that at this time the bolt 10 has completed its turning movement, and the pin is in the position shown in Fig. 5.

The extractor mechanism is best shown in Figs. 6, 9 and 13 and comprises a finger 27 mounted in a dovetail slot' yflush with thev tractor 27 in a manner readily understood.

It will be observed that the lower portion of the bolt is formed with a smaller radius from the center of the bolt than the upper part as shown/in Fig. 14, the upper and lower parts being united by flat surfaces, against which said spring 28 is fulcrumed at the rear end of the bolt. As shown in Fig. 16, the spring member 14, isprovided with a top flat surface 32, carrying'on its under side a stud 33, and at its forward lend downwardly projecting prongs 34, the edge ofthe part 32 between said prongs 34 being preferably curved as shown at 35 to fit a corresponding curvature provided on the larger part of the rear end of the actuator as shown' at 36. The object of this arrangement is to permit the prongs 3 4 to strad e the ring pin 11at a point ahead of the end of actuator 8 against which the,

mailrspring 13 abntsv, An opening 37 is 'provided in the reduced end of actuator 8 to receive the vstud 33. The spring member 14 has at its rear Vend a downwardly exr tending wall 38 for the purpose of providing a rear abutment'for tiring pin spring 15, and is secured in place to the reduced portion of the actuator 8 by `means of studs 39 on the actuator engaging in openings 40 provided in suitable wings 40 on- Wall 38.

I It Will be observed that the spring member 14 is of one'pieceb'ent ,to form the unit described.l

.'As previously indicated, the function of the spring member 14 isto lock theliring pin 'and actuator together' at the moment of firing as Well as to form the rear abutyment for the ringpin spring. In Fig. 2, the parts'are shown in their relative positions at the moment of firing. In this case, the -ring pin 11 and actuator 8 are locked together b stud 33 dropping behind the rear end o thel irinnr pin. This locked po .sition is maintained vhile the breechjmechl anlsm 1 sv4 moved to 1ts retracted position shown 1n Flg. 4, andas it again 4goes forward to the position shown in. Fig. 5.

.Grooves '41 are provided on the receiver 3 in which the prongs 34 of spring member -14 are free to pass as the mechanism travels asindicated. At an intermediate point, the grooves '41 are provided with ridges 42 adapted to raise the prongs 34as they pass over the samefand thereby lifting the stud 33 out of locking position behind tiring pin.

11,'the actuator 8 then being free to move forward to its final position while/the firing pin 11 is detained by a lug 43 carried by it engaging' with a sear 44 of the trigger mechanism, the detentionfcompressing the fil'in spring 15, from the recoil of which t e cartridge in the barrel vat the moment it is released from sear 44, thelug 43 of thel firing pin Vremaining -partly on sear 44 to v hold it down while the firing pin 11v is in its forward position. The ridges 42 are positioned -to engage the prongs 34 :for the purpose lof lifting stud 33 out of locked position on'the firing pin just before the lug 43 engages the'sear 44, the prongs 34 being free after passing over the ridges 42, to 'drop back 1n grooves 41 and the stud being..free to fall back in locking Aposition Vbehind l the firing 'pin 11, when said firing pinis released from engagement with the seai' 44`and has moved forward to itsv firing position.A Whenthe pin 11 is i'nits firing position, a' shoulder '45 cn. the lug 43 is adapted to be engaged byla recocking and locking lmember 46. j The member 46 is in thel foi-m of a disc having' a threadedfstud 47,v andv is rotatably7 mountedin the receiver 3 atone side of lts longitudinal axis and located at 'a point at whichit may engage l the shoulder 4.6and`prongs 34-at the same time, as shown in Figs. '3 and 10. The memf ber 46 has a cut out section tov form a shoulder 48 to engage the shoulder 45 on4 lug 43' of the firing pin, and4 an operating handle 49.' themember 46 is rotated anti#F ring pin'll issent forward to fire the v clockwise as shown inFig. 3, the shoulder 48 engages the shoulder 45 and carries the firing pin llto recocking position, the

shoulder 48 and handle 49 being then inthe positions indicated by broken lines at 48 and 49 respectively. On its upper surface as viewedin Fig. 3, the member 46 is provided with a projection 50, adapted to enwhen rotated. On its opposite or lower surface, the member 46 has two cut out sec tions 53,` 54, adapted to receive a spring .55, best shown in Fig. 10, to hold 4it in either ofits positions. Thev piece 56 is provided in the cut out portion-made for member 46 to make its Wall uniform. 1

' Sear member 44 is pivoted to the'receiver at 58 and has a downwardly extending arm 59, acted upon by'a spring 60, and a down.-v wardly extending rear arm 61, ada ted to be engaged by a hooked lever 62 plvotally connected with trigger 63 which is pivoted. i l

on the receiver at 64. The sear '4.4 tapers outwardly at 65 to engagewith a cooperating tapered projection 66 on the actuator 8'.

The purpose o this arrangement is to en gage the sear '44 withl the actuator 8 when the firing pin 11 is cocked, and while the actuator 8 is traveling, to prevent the release of the firing pin 11. by the operator oaf prematurely pulling the trigger beforethe 1 actuator has reached its final position.

The ejector 67, also pivoted-on the re- 'i ceiver at 58 is provided with an arm 68, normally urged upwardly-by va spring 69. The ejector is depressed by the. actuator 8 when the breech mechanism is'in its forward position.` moves to its retracted position, the ejector When the breech mechanism .l

67 is urged upwardly into a tapered slot 70 in the bolt 10, shown in Figsk 6', 9 and-14,

and ejects thecartridge ina well vknowngy .The springs 55,/60, and 69 are-three {inspring, thelower part4 71 forming a spring adapted to guide and urge hook lever 62 into engagement withA the karm 61 of searmember 44. As shown in the drawings', the

trigger 63 extends through a'slot 72 in theA4 receiver 3, and sincelever 62 1s fulcrumedy on said trigger at 73 in order -to permit' the'lever 62 to operate when vthe trigger is pulled, it is provided with'anotch 74. ProjV 12e igers4 of .the upper' part of a double flat' i the lower part of said spring 76 being atwith a slot 93, shown in Fig.17 to receive aI tached to a block 77 slidable in slot 78, shown in Fig. 11, and ada ted to assume two positions indicated in ull lines at 79 and in dotted lines at 79 in Fig. 2. In position 79, the trigger 63 may be pulled back its full distance so as to release sear 44. I-n position 79 it may-be pulled back but part way until it strikes block 77. In this case, the sear 44 is moved down far enough to release the firing pin 11 While the lever 62 continues to hold thesear 44 down. The

' former position is provided for automatic action controlled by pulling the trigger while in the latter position, the holding of the trigger permits machine action.

Vhen the breech mechanism is positioned in the receiver 3, it is inclos'ed by a cover casing 80, having integral therewith upright walls 81, 82, best shown in Fig. 7, for supporting and protecting a suitable rear sight, and a rear wall 83 extending down- ,wards in back of an integral wall 84 of receiver 3 against which the rear end of main spring 13 abuts. 4The wall 84 may be omitted in which case the main spring 13 may abut directly. against the wall 83. The

walls 83y and 84 havecoinciding openings to receive a locking piece 85, which is rotat ably mounted on the Wall 83 and fixed inuposition by a spring 86, the object being to lock the receiver 3 and casing 80 firmly together when the casing is in its. forward normal position. f At its rear end, receiver 3 is provided with projections 87 extending beyond the wall 84. The projections 87 have a radial groove 88 ada ted to receive a cooperating dovetail sur ace 89 on a portion o the periphery of locking piece 85. `In locked position, the dovetail surface 89 von the locking piece is in engagement with the groove v88 of projection 87, and the parts may be unlocked by a partial rotation of the piece 85 to move the dovetail surface 89 out ofgroove 88. The receiveri is also provided with a one piece flat spring catch 90 adapted to lock the ycasing 80 and receiver 3 together when the casing is in its \normal forward position, and also to engage the locking ieee, 85 and prevent its rotation when in loc ed position.

On the top of casing 80, the, spring 91 usually employed for positioning the rear sight, is extended forwardly beyond 1ts usual fulcrum 92 and is provided at its end locking pin 94, having a pair of` oppositely *extendlng studs 95 adapted to lit into an opening 96 in the casing 80. The'opening 9,6v

has two slots 97 and 98 cut at right angles in different planes 'on edge as shown in Fig. 17, whereby ,the pin 94 may be seated in the' upper of said slots as shown in Fig. 4 to raise 4said pin above the inner surface of the ythat the casing and actuator may be firmly secured together for the purpose of moving these parts to the rear to permit. reloading and also while so held' together to permit hand operation if desired, in which case the parts 81 and 82 may be used as a handle. For normal automatic operation, the pin 94 isI out of engagement with actuator- 8.

The casing 80 is slidably held in vposition on the receiver 3 by its dovetailed edges 80', 80 engaging in grooves 7, 7 respectively as indicated in Fig. 7, said 'grooves being located at a p`oint above the bed of the receiver in which actuator 8 travels and on the inner sides of the receiver walls, the bed being recessed to accommodate spring 13 and slotted in the center to accommodate the trigger mechanism in which the trigger 63, sear 44 and ejector- 67 are pivoted. When casing 80 is moved to its retractedv position, as indicated in broken lines in Fig. 1, the spring engages the same for the purpose of holding it in this position, said spring 90 being provided with an extended part 90', shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 7, adapted to en gage a slot 90 on the casing 80, shown in Fig. 7. When assembling the rifle,`the casing 80 is always inserted in g'rooves 7, 7 on the receiver from the rear, 'and when the wall 84 is not integral with the receiver, the actuator is similarly inserted in grooves 6, 6. But when thewall 84 is integral with receiver .3 as' previously described, the actuator must be positioned from above, in which case, the edges of grooves 6, 6 are cut vertically as shown in Figs 7, 8 and 10. The `edges of actuator 8 engaging in grooves 6, 6 may be cut away for clearance to reduce friction at all points except at its end,

vforced in that position by a shoulder 90 on the spring 90 .which acts as 'an abutment.

The magazine 4 is made of a single piece with its walls bent Vto proper shape so as to provide flexible side walls having. a spring action, as shown in Fig. 9, the adjacent walls of the receiver and stock being slightly cut back to permit of this spring action and easy assembllng. Y Y

In my invention ashereinbefore described it was iieeessaryito lwithdraw the casing -80 in order to'reload the magazine 4. -By this 'arrangement it was possible to make rthe casingclosed at its forward end with the exceptionlof the usual opening 100 through lwhich the shellsl were ejected and the acy tuator inclosed without any exterior handle projections for reloading 'or starting. In Fig. 17, is shown a modified form of casing having an open section 101 at its forward end to permit reloading of gun without the easing being moved from its normal posi- *tion. In this case itis necessary to have an extension or operating handle 102 on the actuator 8..

In Fig. 21 is shown a `modificationl in which the actuator has an extension 103 through the boltf10, adapted to receive the blow from the recoilof the primeig with the firing pin vreduced extending through the same. In' this case, the uniting `of the firing pin and actuator by .means of spring 14 is dispensed with and the firing pin '.'tuator andfiring pin 35 spring abuts 'against a removable wall l104. In Fig. 22 is shown a modified type of lcartridge inl which the primer 105 is positioned in the shell a slight distance below the rear end surface, which arrangement I have'foun'd of advantage since after shell is discharged, the primer does not extend out from the shell as isnow the' case with regulation' cartridges. When using this shell, theprimer'contacting parts of my acmust be slightly eX- -tended. l

. -Iromay consideration of the 'above description', [taken in connection .with the drawings,v` my invention will be apparent without further explanation, and the advantagesset forth prior to the detailed description will readily be recognized. I do not wish to be understood as being limited I to the details of form or arrangement of l may my/invention. Having thus described lmy invention,

parts herein setforth, for various i changes be made by those skilled in the art without departing from 'the spiritor scope of claim: l v V v 1. A'gunA of the class described having `a receiver comprising in one piece means for lcontaining the breech mechanism, a cover case, I guard, 'thevmagazine; and having parallel the trigger` mechanism, the trigger tracks to receive the breechmechanism and cover case.;l a

2. A gun of the class described having a receiverl comprising' upper bed' wall, a lower enclosing outside wall and a vertical central wall, all integral with said receiver,4 ,said walls forming lan upper breechblock compartment and two lower compartments,- said lower 'compartments housingl and supporting vrespectively the trigger and including 'an internal walls, a slotted-- trigger lmechanism and the magazine, and means on said vvall's'r`orbo1tA ing the receiver to the gun stock. i

In the class of gun described, a receiver 'having longitudinal side walls, raised above a bed in said receiver to yform an flipper com-'- partment, with duplicate parallel tracks in the inner side of said walls to carry vbreech mechanism Aand cover case.

4. A gun'of the-'class described'liaviiig a receiver with an upper and two Ilower conipartments within integral walls of said receiver, said upper compartmeiitfhaving iiiternal longitudinal grooves in its wal1s,'a central slot in bedwall, means for mounting the trigger and trigger mechanism in 'said slot and means` for bringing' the mechanism of the upper and lower parts into cooperative relationship. 5. In the class of gun described, a receiver having .an upper part. adapted to carry the breech mechanism and the cover case, lower parts to carry the `,magazine and trigger mechanism, and trigger guard onl the inside of the Alower Y wall oftrigger mechanism compartment.

6. In the class of gun described, a receiver having an..upper part adapted to carry the breech mechanism and the cover case, and lower parts to house the magazine and trigger mechanism, respectively, said mechanism including a trigger having ajournalcd lever thereon, a trigger guard on the inside of the lower wall of said trigger liorrsiiig'partl and la slotted bearing guide` Way in the upper part of said guard for the leveiv member on the trigger. v l

7. In a gun as described, a receiver in one piece having upper longitudinal sidewalls and tracks therein -to receive the breech mechanism, including a main driving spring, and the casing cover, said receiver havingk separated compartments for the magazine and trigger mechanism, and liaving an uprightrrlwallfthe abutment for the main operating spring, adapted to receive and allow said casing cover to' pass over' said wall. v

8. A gun of theclass .described,having aA single united receiver and frame, supporting l l means for enclosing magazine, trigger and its lower comparttrigger mechanism .in ments, having an integral lower receiver wall carrying an integral trigger guard, said supporting upper' part for the abuttal of the main spring, said wall having means necessary to hold it rigid in a slot, and slidable therein to fold out of the way of said main spring.

11. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator or traversing weight, carrying a relatively movable bolt anda relatively movable firing pin, and means for locking the actuator and firing pin together and holding them locked at the moment of firing.

12. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator, or traversing weight, a bolt and a firing pin, all relatively movable to each other, means for Vlocking the actuator and firing pin together and holding them locked at the mo ment of discharge of the gun, and means for receiving the recoil thrust of the primer, from said discharge, on the end of the firing pin through which the said thrust is imparted to the actuator.

13. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator, or traversing weight, a bolt rotatably mounted in forward end thereof, and a firing pin slidable longitudinally within said actuator and extending through said bolt, and means for locking the actuator and firing pin together at the moment of discharge of the gun whereby the actuator is impelled by thrust of the primer on the firing pin to carry back the breech mechanism.

14. A' gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator, or l traversing weight, having a longitudinally slidable firing pin therein, and a relatively movable bolt rotatably mounted within one end thereof journaled directly on said firing pm.

15. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator or traversing Weight, a longitudinally sliding firing pin therein, a bolt rotatably mounted in one end thereof journaled directly on saidring pin and means for holding said actuator and firing pin locked together at the moment of firing.

16. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator or traversing weight having a longitudinally slidablc firing pin therein, a bolt slidably and rotatably mounted in the forward end thereof journaled directly on said firing pin, and means preventing rotation and retraction of said bolt when it -is in its extended forward position relative to said actuator.

17. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator oi` traversing weight carrying a longitudinally slidable firing pin therein, and a bolt slidable and rotatably mounted in one end thereof, journaled directly on said firing pin, said bolt having a countersunk face to receive the head of a cartridge and provided with a plurality of projections, positioned in its central opening at a point slightly below said countersunk surface to arrest the primer and prevent it from passing said point and from coming out of the cartridge.

18. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator or traversing weight carrying a bolt movably mounted therein at its forward end, said bolt being formed with a cent-ral opening and countersunk face concentric with said opening, and provided with projections extending into said opening slightly below said countersunk face to form a seat for the primer, and a firing pin, slidably movable in said actuator and in said bolt, provided on its forward end with a plurality of grioves to receive said projections in the 19. In a gun as described breech mechanism including an actuator or traversing weight', a firing pin Within the actuator,

and a bolt on the firing pin, the bolt, the.

actuator and the firing pin all having longitudinal movements relative to each other, and means for locking the actuator and firing pin together at their rear ends and holding them locked at 'the -moment of firing.

20. In a gun as described, a breech mechanism including an actuator or traversing weight, a firing pin within the actuator, and a bolt on the tiring pin, the bolt, the actuator and the firing pin all having longitudinaL movements relative to each other, and an automatic spring member for 'locking the actuator and firing pin together at their rear ends at the moment of firing.

2l. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator or traversing weight carrying a slidable firing pin within, and a rotatable bolt' on the forward end of the firing pin, and automatic means for locking and unlocking the actuator and firing pin in every completed course of the breech mechanism to open and close the breech. s

22. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator or traversing weight carrying a slidable firing pin, a bolt journaled on forward end of the firing pin, a main driving spring at the rear of said actuator', and automatic. means for locking and unlocking the lactuator and firv4ing pin together with every recipr'ocal stroke of the breech mechanism, the recoil of the primer sending backy the breech mechanism and therecoilof main spring sendin it" forward.

23. gun of the class `described having breech mechanism including an actuator, a slidable firing pin therein, a s iral slotted bolt movably mounted in fbirward end thereof and rotatably journaled directly on the forward end of the -firingpin locking lugs on said bolt, cooperating lugs in the receiver and a free p1n member in the actuator engaging in vsaid spiral slot in the bolt to turn said bolt in and out of locking position by engagement of its lugs with saidy cooperating lugs in thereceiver as the actuator is reciprocated.

24. A gun of the class described yhaving breech mechanism including an actuator, .a slidable firing pin therein, a bolt movably and rotatably mounted in'v forward end thereof, journal'ed directly on the forward end of the firing pin, a free pin member in.

the actuator engaging in a spiral slot in the bolt, and means to automatically lock the bolt and actuator together whenl bolt is in extended forward position on theactuator but releasable therefrom when bolt passes to locking engagement with the lugs of the receiver.l

. 25. A gun of the class described havingy v'breech mechanism including anl actuator, ybolt, firing pin and main driving spring,

and having an inclosing casing and `means for locking said actuator and casing together, both in movable relationship and in locked relationship on the'receiver.

26. A gun of the class described having` breech mechanism including .an actuatogg. bolt, firing pin, main driving spri ng,`inclos'` ingcasing and means for lockin'gfthe actitator andv casing together,.and openings in said casing to permit ejection-of shells and to reload the magazine while said casing is 1n normal lncloslng position.

vcc

vand lock said casing 27. -A gun ofthe class described having breech mechanism including an actuator, a bolt, a firing pin, an inclosing casing, 'a

casing and actuator locking member mounted on the surface of said casing and adapted toengage the rear sight at one end and alcftuator together at'the other end. I

` 28. A lgun of the class described having breechl mechanism including an actuator, aA bolt, a firing pin, an inclosing casing, a- Y driving spring and means for locking theV actuator vand casing together, including al member in the casing rotatable into two positions on said lcasing to hold said mem-4 ber respectively lin andout'of locking engagement with said actuator.

l1 .134.' A gun of 29. gun of the class described'havilig breech mechanism including an actuator, ay

bolt, a firing pin, a driving spring, an inclosing caslng, means for unlocklng and f locking said actuator and said casing: tovgether, the front end of said casing adapted to allow reloading of themagazine and the rear end provided with walls to mount and house the rear-sight andV with a rear inclosing and driving spring abutment wall carrying a member for locking the said casing to the rear end of the receiver.v y

30.t A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator, a

bolt, a firing pin, a driving spring, an inclosing casing and a rotatable grooved locking member attached to the rear Wall of said casing adapted to turn in and out of. locking engagement on the receiver.

31. A gun of theclass described having breech mechanism including an actuator, a

bolt, a firing pin, a main driving spring, an f' inclosing casing, a rotatablegrooved locking. member attached to rear wall of said casing and a spring mounted on the rear `end vof the receiver'to hold said locking member in locked` position and adapted to lock and hold the casing Vin locked position on the receiver independently of said rotatable locking member.

32. A gun of the Lclass described having breech mechanism including an actuator, a

bolt, a firing pin, a main driving spring, an

inclosing casing and a spring `mounted on the rear end of the receiver locking` the casing and receiver together andhavin'g Aa side extension thereto adapted to engage on the side of said casing to hold they same in r'etracted position.

. 33, A' gunI ofthe class described having, .fbreech mechanism. including an actuator f'carrying a slidable firing pin'therein formedr 'with a hollow rear section toreceive` the firing pin and -"a solid formed section to journal the bolt.. i

he class described having agfbreechl mechanism including an actuator carrying slidable firing pin therein formed 36. A gunof the class described having y breech mechanism including a traversing weight actuator `carrying a longitudinally` slidable firing pin therein formed with a hollow rear section. a firing spring in said hollow section, a wall behind said firing spring comprising in part a spring member secured to the reduced rear end of the actuator provided with a stop adapted to engage the rear end of the firing pin and hold the said pin locked on the actuator at the moment of firing.

37. In-a gunoi the class described the combination of a receiver having a bed separating the upper from the lower parts and having parallel'groovesvin said bed on its upper side with raised parts at intermediate points in said grooves, and breech mechanism including an actuator carrying a iiring pin formed with a hollow rear section carrying a firing spring therein, and means for locking said actuator and firingpin together at the moment of firing comprising an automatic spring merber secured to the rear. end of the actuator, and having a rear Wall against which said firing spring abuts, prongs on its forward end adapted to ride in Vsaid grooves, and a projecting stud or stop adapted to drop behind the tiring pin and hold the same at the moment of firing and to be raised when said prongs pass over the raised parts inlsaid grooves thereby un- 30. locking the firing pin from the' actuator to 'permit locking of the same. Y

38. A gun of the class described having Vbreech mechanismA-including an actuator carrying a firing pin therein, a' bolt mounted in said actuator-rotatably journalled on said Afiring pin, a detaining sear and a means on said actuator to slidably hold said sear in normal operative position while the firing pin is detained and until the actuator passes 40v to firing position, the scar being then freed from said locking engagement. Y

39. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism1 including an Vactuator carrying a firing pin therein carryinga bolt thereon, a detainingsear to cock said iri-ng pin comprising a member ,with downward 'extendingarms and a head enlarged to one side.and inwardly slanted for` engagement y with means on said actuator for holding said scar, against premature release from said firing pin. t 40. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including an actuator,

a firing pin therein carrying a bolt thereon,

a dctaining scar, a springunder said scar, 'and a trigger carrying a lever journaled thereto, said lever operating to disable the ,scar through contact with one ofthe armso'f said sear, and said spring lby contact with the otherarm of said se'ar operating to return the scar to normal position.,

41. A gun ofthe class described having breech mechanism including an actuator, a Afiring pin therein carrying a bolt thereon, 05 'av scar member and a lever hooked at oneend -memb for engagement with said Sear and jonrnaled ou the trigger at the other end in a manner permitting a limited rotatable movement while being Withdrawn by act-ion of said trigger.

42. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including van actuator having a slidable firing pin carr 'ing a bolt thereon, a scar, 4a. journaled trigger lever and a trigger adapted to' ulcrum against said lever near its journaled bearingv to dpress said lever from contactwith said sear when withdrawn by said trigger.

43. A gun ot' the 'class described having breech mechanism including a receiver, a traversing Weight actuator, a tiring pin carried within the actuator, a bolt thereon, a scar member and an ejector pivotcd alongside said Sear member in the receiver and on the same pin, said ejector being depressed by the actuator and elevated to ejecting position by a spring under its forward arm.

44. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including a receiver, a traversing Weight actuator, a firing pin carried with the actuator, a bolt thereon, a scar member, a spring-means holding the actuator and firing pin locked together at the moment of iring and a recocklng and locking member adapted to release the firing pin from-its locked engagement'vvith the actuitor and to retract and recock it at-the same ime.

45. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism` including a receiver, a traversing Weight actuator, a frin pin carried within the actuator, a bolt t ereon, a scar member, a spring means holding the actuator and firing pin locked to ether at the moment of firing, and a recoc ing and locking member to unlock the firing pin from the actuator and to recock it on the sear, and to lock the actuator and receiver the. actuator, and a rotatable releasing, re-

cocking and locking firing pin-actuator member mounted in the receiver.

47. A gun of the class, described havingl firing pin-actuator locking member, anda firing pin-actuator recocking and locking A8. A 'gun of the class 'described having breech mechanism 4including a reciprocating actuator', a tiring pin therein and a bolt thereon, a nsear and an ejector, a ,spring tiring pin-actuator locking member,'and a lao " lator, and a cut-out shoulder to engage the sear lug oft'the tiring pin, all cooperating to their functions at the same time byA a partial rotation 'of said recocking-locking member,- the said vmember being 'adapted on its under side to receive a spring to hold it in locked and unlocked positions.

49.1K gun ofthe class described having breech mechanism including a receiver, a reciprocating actuator, a iring pintherein and a 4bolt thereon,.,a Sear, an ejecter, a

spring firing pin-actuator locking member, a firing pin-actuator recocking and locking member, a trigger and trigger-journaled lever, and a spring mounted in the receiver 'comprising a lower part, and' an upper part -divided into three fingers, the lower part to supportl and guide the trigger-journaled v ,lever in engagement with the sear, the upper fingers, to engage'oneywith the ejector, one

2d withfthe Sear, and one vviith`the recockinglocking member. v K

50. A gun of the classv described having7 `...zj breech .mechanism- `including a' receiver, a

reciprocating actuator 'having a- `firing pin 30 therein and a bolt thereon, a sear member,

a trigger and a journaled lever, and a dog` mounted inlower-wallof the .receiver longitudinally 'slidable 4to, disable the trigger and turn the mechanism of the gun into machine action. f

v51. A gun of the class'described having a receiver carrying breech mechanism in the ywalls ofits up er part including an actu- Y ator centrally, ollowed to receive afiring r 49v pin having a cut-out section'in front to receive a bolt and to,4 pass over the locking lugs inthe receiver, slanted edges at the bottom -of itsv sides to formtrac'ks, a reduced rear end to house the firing spring and receive the 'main drivingfspring, and liaving means for operation by hand.

52. A gun of theclass described having a receiver carrying' breech mechnismin the walls of 1ts upper part lncludlng a' centrallyhollowed actuator `having a firing pin thereln, anda bolt with a reduced radial lower l1alf,'a counter-sunk face, projections in its'center opening slightly below its countersunk face, Aa dovetail groove'ion 'forward face to] carry an extractor flush with forward end of bolt, a spiral slot for turning the bolt and a -forked spring, j

grooved into said'extractor at its sides, and ulcrumed at the rear of said bolt.

53. A gun ofthe class described havingy a receiver carrying breech, mechanism in the walls of its upper part, trlgger mechamsm 1n one compartmetof 1-ts lower part,

and a exible magazine in the jotherpart,

having spring action and removable, but

integral with the receiver when in operation.

54. A gun of the class described having a receiver and breech mechanism including a reciprocating actuator a bolt-and firingv pin within said actuator, a main driving spring behind the same anda 'slidable cov.- ered casing combining a means adapted for hand operation when the actuator and said casing are locked together.

55. A gun of the class described having breech mechanism including anv actuator, a firing pin supported within said actuator,

a bolt supported thereon, and a main driving spring, said actuator propelled'forward by said spring, inserting a cartridge in the barrel locking said mechanism and closing the breech, and thrustv rearwardly by recoil fromvthe primer of said cartridge through the in termediacy of said firing pin.

J KEVZISH. 

